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It is subject to authorisation by MIEM and is set by Decree No. 2016-1123: 10 MW for solar PV and solar thermal; 30 MW for wind energy; 15 MW for biomass; and 5 MW for projects using other renewable resources. Box 3. Addressing power system flexibility in Tunisia
• Tunisian Solar Plan 621.25 billion IDR ~ 69 million USD (including the establishment of self-suf- ficient energy villages) See above, consult document if necessary. The “Energy Development Fund” is equipped with 1 Billion $.
To ensure a resilient electricity network, Tunisia is investing in modern, secure infrastructure. The ELMED interconnection project, which will link Tunisia to Italy by 2028, will play a key role in stabilizing energy supply, while supporting the energy transition in Tunisia and Europe.
With these favourable conditions, the productivity of PV solar systems in Tunisia is very high. According to IRENA's Global Atlas, annual electricity production by PV solar systems varies between 1 450 kWh per kilowatt-peak (kWp) in the northwest region and 1 830 kWh/kWp for systems installed in the extreme southeast region.
Our operations and maintenance (O&M) analysis breaks costs into various categories and provides total annualized O&M costs. The MSP results for PV systems (in units of 2022 real USD/kWdc/yr) are $28.78 (residential), $39.83 (community solar), and $16.12 (utility-scale).
The representative residential PV system (RPV) for 2024 has a rating of 8 kW dc (the sum of the system's module ratings). Each module has an area (with frame) of 1.9 m 2 and a rated power of 400 watts, corresponding to an efficiency of 21.1%.
For instance, many residential customers finance their PV systems, but the benchmarks exclude financing costs, which can represent around 20% of reported market prices. For further research on the complexity of PV markets and reported market prices, see Gillingham et al. (2016) and Barbose et al. (2022).
The total cost over the service life of the system is amortized to give a levelized cost per year. In the PV System Cost Model (PVSCM), the owner's overnight capital expense (cash cost) for an installed PV system is divided into eight categories, which are the same for the utility-scale, commercial, and residential PV market segments:
Ramasamy, Vignesh, Jarett Zuboy, Michael Woodhouse, Eric O'Shaughnessy, David Feldman, Jal Desai, Andy Walker, Robert Margolis, and Paul Basore. 2023. U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks, With Minimum Sustainable Price Analysis: Q1 2023. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The current MSP benchmarks for PV systems in 2022 real USD are $28.78/kWdc/yr (residential), $39.83/kWdc/yr (community solar), and $16.12/kWdc/yr (utility-scale, single-axis tracking). For MMP, the current benchmarks are $30.36/kWdc/yr (residential), $40.51/kWdc/yr (community solar), and $16.58/kWdc/yr (utility-scale, single-axis tracking).
Energy storage procurement contracts must also take into account the ever-evolving suite of laws and regulations applicable to energy storage projects, including as a result of the recent change in administration in the United States.
The MMP results are $30.36 (residential), $40.51 (community solar), and $16.58 (utility-scale). The community solar O&M cost is higher than the O&M cost for a single-customer commercial PV system of similar configuration because of the community solar subscriber management cost, which accounts for about 40% of the total community solar O&M cost.
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