Solar railways involve the strategic installation of photovoltaic (PV) panels along railway tracks to harness solar energy directly into the rail transport network. This approach reduces the carbon footprint of train operations and enhances the overall energy efficiency of the rail. . Solar railways represent one of the most promising frontiers in sustainable transportation, where Europe's solar potential meets innovative railway engineering. This paper reviews the potential of incorporating renewable energy tech ologies such as solar, wind, bioenergy, and kinetic energy recovery into railway infrastructure. By employing intelligent. .
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