Thermal runaway releases highly flammable gases and oxygen, which can accumulate and cause intense fires or powerful explosions within confined battery enclosures. The dense packing of cells and continuous oxygen generation make conventional fire suppression challenging and less. . Li-ion battery Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are quickly becoming the most common type of electrochemical energy store for land and marine applications, and the use of the technology is continuously expanding. In land applications ESS can be used, e. Advanced fire detection and suppression technologies, including immersion cooling, are making BESS safer by preventing thermal runaway and minimizing risks.
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