Consistency: Cells within the pack should have similar capacity, voltage, and self-discharge rates. A good Battery Management System (BMS) helps maintain this consistency. Design Life: Packs are designed to last a certain number of years or kilometers in operation and while parked. It should also have a slow growth rate over time to. . The latest advancements and near-future trends in automotive battery packs, underlying regulatory compliance, and performance requirements are presented in this paper. In response to these specifications, high-level solutions that converge towards a standard architecture for passenger cars are. . Lithium-ion battery consistency refers to the consistency of the initial performance indicators of a group of single cells, including: capacity, impedance, electrical characteristics of electrodes, electrical connections, temperature characteristics, decay rate, etc.
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