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Ramasamy, Vignesh, Jarett Zuboy, Michael Woodhouse, Eric O'Shaughnessy, David Feldman, Jal Desai, Andy Walker, Robert Margolis, and Paul Basore. 2023. U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks, With Minimum Sustainable Price Analysis: Q1 2023. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The current MSP benchmarks for PV systems in 2022 real USD are $28.78/kWdc/yr (residential), $39.83/kWdc/yr (community solar), and $16.12/kWdc/yr (utility-scale, single-axis tracking). For MMP, the current benchmarks are $30.36/kWdc/yr (residential), $40.51/kWdc/yr (community solar), and $16.58/kWdc/yr (utility-scale, single-axis tracking).
Energy storage procurement contracts must also take into account the ever-evolving suite of laws and regulations applicable to energy storage projects, including as a result of the recent change in administration in the United States.
The MMP results are $30.36 (residential), $40.51 (community solar), and $16.58 (utility-scale). The community solar O&M cost is higher than the O&M cost for a single-customer commercial PV system of similar configuration because of the community solar subscriber management cost, which accounts for about 40% of the total community solar O&M cost.
In addition, with the proposed strategies, the bidirectional charging/discharging capability of the battery is able to achieve the maximum PV power utilization. All the proposed strategies can be realized by the digital signal processor without adding any additional circuit, component, and communication mechanism.
This paper presents the design and simulation of a bi-directional battery charging and discharging converter capable of interacting with the grid.
Future work will involve studying and testing a new model for a bidirectional Electric Vehicle (EV) charger. This be implemented. This research aims to improve the efficiency and integratio n of electric vehicles with the grid. 1. A. Verma and B. Singh, “An Implementation of Renewable Energy Based Grid Interactive Charging Station,”
In addition to saving PV energy during the day, the converter and the battery also act as an energy storage for the PV power during a grid outage, where that power is lost in a traditional grid-tied system without storage or even in an AC-Coupled system. It is a design choice cooling down time after a grid outage has occurred.
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