What is a sodium-sulfur battery?

Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) Batteries: High-Temperature Contenders Sodium-sulfur batteries are high-temperature batteries that deliver large amounts of energy for longer durations. Utilities have used them for grid support and load leveling. Pros: Cons: Best for utility-scale BESS applications where space and temperature control are manageable.

What is a sodium-sulfur battery (NaS)?

Sodium also has high natural abundance and a respectable electrochemical reduction potential (−2.71 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Combining these two abundant elements as raw materials in an energy storage context leads to the sodium–sulfur battery (NaS).

Are sodium-sulfur batteries a good choice for grid-supportive services?

Sodium–sulfur batteries offer long battery lifetime (up to 15 years) and a claimed response time of 1 ms, which turn them into an attractive candidate for short-term grid-supportive services (Vassallo, 2015; Breeze, 2018).

What temperature should sodium sulfur batteries be kept at?

However, sodium–sulfur batteries have to be kept at high temperatures above 300 °C to keep the reactants liquid, which entails additional effort for heating and thermal insulation, while relatively low round-trip efficiency and further safety concerns over its explosiveness have constrained its wide-scale implementation.