This system combines the advantages of the LCE actuator and electrical con-trol system and is capable of adjusting the solar cell facing the sun automati-cally through controls of bending and rotation of the LCE tubular actuator to maximize the absorption of solar energy. . Herein, an untethered automatic light-harvesting system with artificial phototropism is proposed. In order to convert sunlight into electricity or other forms of energy as efficiently as possible, the very first step is an efficient. . An automatic solar tracking system is an approach for optimizing the generation of solar power and modifying the angles and direction of a solar panel by considering changes in the position and path of the sun. Biological organisms have evolved complex metabolic mechanisms to efficiently convert sunlight into chemical energy. Unraveling the secrets of. .